Photography Research Paper

Area I A. Compose the names of all the photography and photography-related professions that you know about. †Wedding photography, Under-water photography, Sports photography, General photograph vocations. B. At that point do a primer research and compose the names of in any event 5 more photography-related professions. Business photography Portrait and family photography Pet, Animal and natural life photography Police, Law authorization and criminal measurable imaging photography Aerial photography C. Next, pick three of these vocations and compose three inquiries you have about each. Picture and family photography-What makes an incredible family photo?What creation methods are most significant while considering family photo's. Is Family photography a decent paying activity? is it famous? Submerged Photography-What hardware is recomended for utilize submerged. What is your preferred article to take pictures of submerged. What difficulties are introduced when taking photographs s ubmerged. Aeronautical Photography-How would you take pictures from an elevated view? what strategies are utilized to get higher up? What makes for a decent subject from an aeronautical view? What amount of cash would a flying picture taker make ordinarily? Area II A. Marine Photographer: This activity involves taking pictures submerged. This activity incorporates taking pictures submerged utilizing either SCUBA or un-maned wanderers with camera's. - Education and preparing prerequisites would incorporate being SCUBA confirmed or guaranteed to do whatever sort of plunging expected to take the photos. - The pay for a marine photographic artist in California is somewhere in the range of 40, and 50,000$ - As a submerged picture taker you are taking pictures of marine life for either research and overview purposes or essentially to catch the excellence found in the sea. Ethereal Photographer: Taking photographs from top perspectives, for example, pictures from a plane looking down. Prep aring for this activity incorporates a Multi year degree, you should represent considerable authority in photography, Flight preparing is required just as hands on sky photography preparing. - Salary for this sort of picture taker ranges from 50,000 †200,000. - As an elevated photographic artist you may invest your energy specifically getting your work or taking pictures for a particular organization. These photographs might be utilized for Survey purposes or they might be per-demand by a solitary individual. This would be a troublesome activity to get into as it requires a lot of preparing and experience. Representation and family photography: These picture takers take pictures of individuals, families, spots, or occasions. photographic artists require a decent eye for an image and have fantastic specialized and photographic abilities. They should have great correspondence and relationship building abilities. Picture takers must be acceptable with PC projects, for example, pho toshop and be economically mindful and great at promoting themselves. - Salaries for family picture takers go somewhere in the range of 12,000 and 50,000 every year or more. - These picture takers may fall under a specific sort of photography concentrating on family photographery or they might be general photographic artists taking a wide aray of pictures including representation and family photography. B.Marine Photographer: reaction from Robert Bailey Hi there, much obliged for the caring words glad to help. To what extent have you been into photography? Since 1990, I've generally been keen on photography since the age of 10 and when I took up jumping there was no doubt that I would be taking a camera in the water to bring back the stunning scenes and show individuals my revelations. How could you get your beginning in photography? As an adolescent I generally had the thought I might want to draw and was finished poo! I got a camera one day and acknowledged I could communicate my masterful self through a camera.I've never thought back. I recollect the first occasion when somebody alluded to me as a craftsman as being huge. What are your key advantages inside the business? Despite the fact that I am not an expert my work has been distributed, and I have worked intermittantly on proficient ventures ashore and submerged. I partner with a many experts. I am constantly intrigued to perceive what sells in the market. You'd be shocked by what offers, restricted to what individuals like to hold tight their dividers. Valuing yourself in the market is significant. Numerous masters gripe individuals part with their pictures and cheapen the market.I am constantly intrigued by what organizations are eager to pay for. I frequently talk with experts before I offer pictures to magazines. Where do you do a large portion of your work? Most of my work is done in UK waters. I live and work in the UK so it bodes well to exploit all the territory brings to the table. I accomplish work abroad occasionally, yet I incline toward cooler atmospheres. One objective I have is to plunge under ocean ice in the Arctic, or Antarctic. What do you appreciate most about this sort of photography? Being submerged resembles no other condition, there's no interruption with cell phones, and individuals talking.I like the test of having the option to make a plunge unforgiving situations and show individuals the excellence, particularly in the UK, the same number of feel it's frequently dull and bleak and there's no shading. What is the most significant thing to make sure to get a decent picture? The absolute most significant component in getting a decent submerged picture is to draw near to your subject, by and large a limit of three feet for most subjects, now and again inches away. It relies upon the size of the subject you are shooting. Clearly a 30 foot lolling shark is not quite the same as a one inch shrimp.The other thing is tied in with seeing light, regardless of whet her you are utilizing counterfeit light,, or common light, or adjusting the two. The following interesting point is the foundation and whether the subject is available or not. We make a decent attempt as submerged photographic artists to not harm the earth for an image. What is your preferred photo of your own and why? I don't have one specific top pick. This progressions all the time as the fixation to continue making new material. I like the nearby pictures of Lemon sharks I have done clearly. There are such a significant number of others, difficult to state really.Some the ones which has won national rivalries are not, at this point my top choices as I want to improve now. What kinds of hardware would you suggest for use submerged? My better half shoots with a Canon S95 and a basic lodging, and make incredible pictures. I utilize a Nikon D300, Inon Z240 Strobes, and an assortment of focal points. My most utilized focal points are the Nikkor 60 mm large scale for close up and litt le subjects. For wide point work I utilize a Tokina 10-17mm. I'd prefer to pressure great pictures are not about the gear, it's everything about the photographic artist. Individuals regularly take a gander at a decent picture and state you should have a decent camera.This isn't the situation. The camera is a the instrument, the photogapher is the expert. You don't need to go through a ton of cash to get great pictures. You need to contribute the time, comprehend the neighborhood conditions, and know your subject. What is your preferred article to take pictures of submerged? There are beyond any reasonable amount to list. I like sharks, shrimps, seals, ocean slugs, fish, jumpers, wrecks when the perceivability licenses. What difficulties are introduced when taking photograph's submerged? Above all else, we aren't intended to be submerged. We are land animals. So the primary test is you should be a gifted diver.All your hardware, bouyancy control in the water, air the executives shoul d be right on the money, else you will never make a decent picture. At that point there's the flows, tide, perceivability, the cold, and the climate. At that point there's the subject, the greater part of which are continually moving, and scarcely ever where you need them, when you need them. I can sincerely say making pictures submerged is most likely more testing than some other condition. I think this is the reason I am so over the top about doing it, it is difficult. I truly trust this encourages you. Am glad to talk about further after work obviously. In the event that you need a few pictures I will get you out. Try not to stop for a second to call me.Regards, RB How I Found Robert Bailey: I discovered Robert Bailey on â€Å"UnderwaterPhotography. com† C. Submerged photography as a vocation in photography appears the most fascinating decision. I am at present a jumper and discover I am generally agreeable while in the water. The best thing about catching a picture of a j umper in clear water is the way that it looks just as the jumper is flying. This is an unnatural situation for people and can be perilous and to have the option to catch the excellence in it is astounding. List of sources URL (www. robertbaileyphotography. com). Robert Bailey, 11-27-12 Bailey, Robert. Submerged picture taker. 11-27-12

Airport Security, their loop holes and solution proposal Research Paper

Air terminal Security, their provisos and arrangement proposition - Research Paper Example tly, flying security stays to be one of the present issues of worry as it is a need for explorers, group, nations, air terminals, load proprietors and the aircrafts. Besides, it can't be administered that a critical number of individuals pass through air terminals. This makes air terminals to be defenseless against fear based oppression, just as different types of crimes as individuals communicate (Wiener, 1988). As a rule, psychological militants have used plane seizing as a deadly instrument to propel fear mongering. In such manner, air terminal security targets keeping dangers or potential hazardous conditions from happening or occurring for a nation. On the off chance that air terminal security functions admirably, the probability of entrance of criminal operations, perilous circumstances, illicit medications or dangers into a nation, spot or airplane is essentially decreased (Bart, 2007). The security at air terminals is essential for different purposes: first, it shields the air terminals and air create from potential dangers. Along these lines, air terminal security serves to guarantee the wellbeing of the voyagers. Furthermore, in shielding the airplane from potential dangers, the air terminal security likewise minds the security of a nation. Obviously, the motivation behind airplane security can be summed up as to forestall hurt on airplanes, travelers and airplane team, just as, off er help to counter-fear mongering strategies and national security (Bart, 2007). The primary fear monger episode on explorers on board was the Cubana Flight 455 occurrence that happened in 1976. The Cubana flight had quite recently left Barbados and was set out toward Jamaica when it was brought somewhere near a psychological militant assault. In the occurrence, seventy three regular citizens lost their lives. The assault was connected to Cuban enemy of Castro banishes that had an association with the Central Intelligence Agency, just as individuals emit police from Venezuela (DISIP), which included Luis Posada Carriles. The deadliest carrier disaster that following bombed security at the air terminal to recognize a bomb on installed happened in 1985 and included

Sample Case Analysis of Google

Sample Case Analysis of Google Case Analysis of Google Aug 13, 2019 in Case Studies Overview of the Company Google is the most famous search engine in the world formerly known as Backrub, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who met at Stanford University in 1995 (Google, 2015a). It is best known as search engine (web search) Google, where people can get all information they want with a click of a button. In addition, the company offers products like Google Chrome, which is a browser known for its agility run on Android, a mobile operating system that is compatible with Google Play, a platform where people can download a wide range of applications. All these products and actions are aimed at making the company follow its primary purpose of making information accessible to users all over the word. Google organizes its operations to ensure it meets demands of the major broad business market and the web market (Google, 2015c). The major undertaking of Google entails advertisements, where it provides a platform where companies and business personalities can attract customers from all over the world. On the other hand, on the web front, Google is in the forefront coming up with products that are aimed at ensuring the web becomes better and more accessible with time. External Environment The external environment of a company is a combination of factors and changes outside the company at hand. They include political factors, economy dynamics, market competition and government regulations to name but a few. In the case of Google, the external environment is even more unpredictable and uncontrollable. It is because it operates in a great geographical area, being subjected to different cultures and governance. However, Google has not experienced major hardships while operating on this huge market. In terms of government policies and regulations, the company faced few limitations in 2006 imposed by the Chinese government on the search engine, where the government requested Google to censor some of its content in respect to the countrys free speech restrictions (Liedtke, 2006). However, the company and the Chinese government managed to iron out the issue, and the former made great strides in the market. Order now Live Chat Another aspect of Googles external environment is market competition. From this perspective, competition can be from new entrants and other existing competitors. In the first case, the Internet search industry has a very high barrier to entry because the existing players in this field, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo to name but a few, have accumulated large databases over the years. It means that to pose a threat in this industry, a new player will have to come up with a better database and a faster search engine. The probability of this happening is minimal, making the threat on the part of a new entrant to the industry unlikely. On the other hand, Google has outgrown its main rivals Yahoo and Microsoft. Moreover, in terms of economy dynamics, Google operates in different countries, the economies of which sometimes face recessions (Google, 2015a). However, due to the companys extensive marketing undertakings, Google can shed off the effects with ease. Current Strategies and Objectives Objectives The core objective of Google is to organize the entire worlds present and future information in a manner that can be easily understandable and accessible. This aspect is evident considering one of the companys objectives to have complete scans of all existing collections of 129 million books by 2020 (Google, 2015a). Another Googles objective is the continuation of the provision of the best user experience. Companys innovations and undertakings are always in line with this aspect. A continuous improvement in its search web engine is also an important issue for the company. The company believes that there is the need to do what one does well (Google, 2015d). Being a dominant search engine, its continuous upgrade and updates is an important task for the company. Strategies The main strategy utilized by Google is introducing innovations, whereby ensuring the relevance of its content is paramount. This strategy is achieved by Google hiring smart and self-driven people who make up a team known as Googlers. The company is also keen on being inclusive, employing people from different cultures and languages. It is further supported by the companys well-intentioned action of having seventy offices in over forty countries around the world (Google, 2015b). On top of this, the company utilizes the expansionary strategy, which has enabled Google to have offices around the world for the purpose of transforming the Google search engine into different locally acceptable search forms. As a result, it can be accessed in different languages around the world. It is the main reason for Google being the biggest search engine in the industry. Financial Analysis Table 1. Liquidity Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Current ratio 480% 458% 422% 592% Quick ratio 480% 458% 418% 592% Cash ratio 383% 368% 335% 501% Trend The current ratio trend shows that Google has been in a position to pay its liabilities throughout 2011-2014 fiscal years. In addition, its quick ratio adds to the fact that the company has been improving its ability to pay its short-term debts. Its cash ratio decreased from 2011 to 2012, but since that time, it has been on the rise (NASDAQ, 2015). It is a good indication that Google has continued expanding its cash base or equivalent that can meet its liabilities. Table 2. Profitability Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Gross margin 61% 60% 63% 65% Operating margin 25% 28% 30% 31% Pre-tax margin 26% 25% 31% 33% Profit margin 22% 23% 23% 26% Pre-tax ROE 17% 18% 20% 21% After-tax ROE 14% 15% 15% 17% In terms of gross margin, Google has been enjoying good percentage revenue retention averaging 60% (NASDAQ, 2015). It means the firm is profitable as this is usually the percentage of revenue retained by a company after production cost deductions. As a result of a high gross margin, Google has also been enjoying fair operational margins. It reflects companys efficiency in terms of its operation and pricing strategy. With 28.75% pre-tax margin, Google represents a company that has remained profitable form 2011 (NASDAQ, 2015). Google Sticking to the Current Objectives and Strategies If Google has been sticking to its current objectives and strategies for the next five years then continued growth and profitability will be a sustainable phenomenon. Making information understandable entails translating it into different languages, and this will make Google more appealing to a huge number of users. The result is huge earnings from associative adverts from different corners of the world. In line with this, if the company ensures users best experience, more users will visit the web search engine. As a result, Google will avail more potential customers to business personalities and will have a basis to post more adverts. It means increased revenue for the company and improved and sustained financial performance. When it comes to strategies, the main one for Google is innovations. It will make Google not only relevant but also interesting. Besides, utilizing different perspectives and insights from the Googlers will mean that the final output in the market is comprehensive and inclusive. It is therefore reasonable enough to argue that the utilization of the current strategies and objectives will enable Google to become more profitable. Strategies Recommendation If I were a CEO, I would recommend focusing on the most viable strategies like innovation and expansionary undertakings. In any business venture, introducing an innovation is a crucial tool in ensuring that the ventures output meets the market trends and demands. In the same line of thought, Google will have to make huge investments in the innovation docket to ensure the company keeps in touch with the dynamics of the industry. It will make the company customer-oriented and at the same time relevant and comprehensive. Implementing expansionary undertakings will ensure Google remains the dominant force in the industry. Besides, through this perspective, it will be possible to earn more from advertisement. Utilizing the two strategies will place Google on a platform where there will be continuous growth and profitability. Competitive Strategies Used by the Companys Main Competitors Google main competitors are Yahoo and Microsoft. Yahoo has recently unveiled new technology under the BrightRoll brand. It is in the form of BrightRoll DSP and BrightRoll Exchange aimed at transforming the ways in which business people can interact with their customers (Fuloria, 2015). The technological upgrade is aimed at making Yahoo a better marketing platform. The company is also keen on partnership deals with companies that have a huge following. It is a good marketing strategy. A good example is a partnership with NFL, where Yahoo users around the world can access a game via live streaming on the Yahoo platform (Edelman, 2015). On the other hand, Microsoft is keen on upholding and improving customer experience. To meet this, Microsoft has invested a lot in market research. It has seen the company employ around 90,000 workers across 190 countries around the world, mandated to come up with products that reflect the needs of people with a different background (Microsoft, 2015). The company has also made a deal with NFL, and it forms part of a well-calculated marketing strategy. Googles Most Effective Strategies and Countermeasures Both Yahoo and Microsoft are keen on implementing new marketing strategies. Moreover, Yahoo has seconded its marketing strategies with the incorporation of new technology. With Microsofts heavy investment in research, the company will attain a bigger marker share with time. The incorporation of new technology, research and marketing forms effective Googles competitors strategies. It is because utilizing the ones, the companies will be able to attract more customers, some of which may be from Google. In response, the latter should ensure it is more active on the marketing front. With its advantage in terms of market reach, utilizing a new marketing strategy will help the company enjoy the benefits of having loyal customers. Customer loyalty is an essential component when it comes to safeguarding business perpetuity. Market analysis can also be a helpful tool, through which it can be well-informed on the actions and inactions of its competitors. Through the analysis, it will be possibl e for Google to invest in a smart manner and exploit the gap left in the market. It will help caution the company about competitors expansionary undertakings. Looking for custom case study? Then Writessay.org would be the best choice for you as it provides quality custom case study help for students.

Pepsi Strategic and Competitive Analysis - 3201 Words

Pepsi (PEP) Symbol: PEP Exchange: NYSE Industry: Processed Packaged Goods Sector: Consumer Goods Purchase Price: $43.12 Purchase Date: December 2002 52week High $78.09 52week Low $61.89 Initial Floor 2 $74.26 Trailing Floor 3 $77.87 Beta N/A Market Cap $123.11 billion Shares Outstanding 1.61 billion Dividend Yield 1.50% P/E Ratio 20.49 Competitor #1 Coca-Cola (KO) Competitor #2 Cadbury Schweppes (CSG) Type of Security: Large Cap Growth Predicted Shareholder Return 1 year: 14.1% Past 5 years: 34.53% Past 10 years: 128% Predicted Annual Return: 14.9% Strategic and Competitive Analysis The first point of analysis which should be examined when using Porter’s five forces is the competition within the industry. Pepsi has varying†¦show more content†¦The company developed the S.M.A.R.T lifestyle program, involving five steps to a healthier living, and plans to build 12 Smart Spot playgrounds in inner city locations across the country. Pepsi’s broad strategy of meeting customer’s changing wants and desires will be successful. However, each specific new product or product development depends on Pepsi’s ability to identify, gauge, and properly assess changing environments. Pepsi appears to be going in the right direction by shifting their focus from carbonated to noncarbonated beverages as well as by focusing on healthier alternatives. Pepsi’s second main strategy is to grow and expand internationally. There is more room for growth internationally due to emerging foreign markets, including Asia and India. Pepsi has proven a success in the international arena and should continue to develop. International sales have greatly increased the value of Pepsi, as a decline in US currency brings higher exchange rates for international business. Pepsi’s focus on their international businesses has paid them well during a market correction, which has stemmed from massive deferrals on adjustable-rate mortgages. Pepsi’s main competitor in the drink business is Coca Cola and in the snack market the major competitors are Proctor and Gamble and General Mills. The nonalcoholic beverage industry is maturing but is deep in stiff competition. It has a history of price wars. Pricing,Show MoreRelatedEnviromental Scanning1269 Words   |  6 PagesFritch Environmental scanning Coco-Cola and Pepsi are two major competitors in the beverage industry but each company is working on being different even though each company has similar products. Both companies are very popular and each company needs to develop and maintain a competitive edge that will help one or the other stay above the other. To gain a competitive edge, measurement guidelines need to be implemented to make sure that strategic planning is effective and to confirm that the planRead MoreCoca Cola And The Carbonated Soft Drink1674 Words   |  7 Pagesyears. The new industry environment created intense competition among CSD businesses which required the need for new strategies to be formulated and implemented to be a top competitor in the environment. Strategic Issue How can Coke gain competitive advantage over Pepsi? In order to gain competitive advantage, some underlying issues need to be addressed, such as, what should be done to support sales as the consumption of CSDs is declining due to the increasing trend in the availability of substituteRead MoreCase Study Coke vs Pepsi Essays1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdy Managerial Economics Coke vs. Pepsi: An Economic Analysis Rebecca Simmons Managerial Economics Dr Sol Drescher December 4, 2012 Executive Summary In this case study we will do an economic analysis of two major competitors; Coke ® and Pepsi ®. We will look at the history of these to competitive giants and discuss how they have evolved over the years to become rivals in the 21st Century. 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Essay about Solutions to Valuation Questions - 1712 Words

Solutions to Valuation Questions 1. Assume you expect a company’s net income to remain stable at $1,100 for all future years, and you expect all earnings to be distributed to stockholders at the end of each year, so that common equity also remains stable for all future years (assumes clean surplus). Also, assume the company’s ÃŽ ² = 1.5, the market risk premium is 4% and the 20-30 year yield on risk free treasury bonds is 5%. Finally, assume the company has 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding. a. Use the CAPM to estimate the company’s equity cost of capital. †¢ re = RF + ÃŽ ² * (RM – RF) = 0.05 + 1.5 * 0.04 = 11% b. Compute the expected net distributions to stockholders for each future year. †¢ D = NI – ΔCE = $1,100 – 0 = $1,100 c. Use the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Pe = D1/(re – g) = 700 / (0.11 – 0.05) = $11,667 †¢ price per share = $11,667 / 1,000 = $11.67 3. Same facts as (2) above, except the 5% income growth rate (and beginning of year common equity to support it) are only expected for years 2 and 3. Then growth is expected to be zero and all income is expected to be distributed to shareholders for all future years. a. Compute D1, D2, D3, and Dt for all future years. †¢ Keeping in mind that income is $1,100 in year 1, increases by 5% in years 2 and 3, and then remains constant for all future years; and keeping in mind that beginning of year 1 common equity is $8,000, increases by 5% at the beginning of year 2 and at the beginning of year 3, but does not increase at the beginning of year 4 and remains constant from that point forward, you should be able to compute: D1 = $700, D2 = $735, and Dt = 1,212.75 for D3 and all future years. b. Use the dividend discount (i.e., free cash flow to equity investors) valuation model to estimate the company’s current stock price. Pe = 700/(1+ 0.11) + 735/(1+ 0.11)2 + [1,212.75/0.11]/(1+ 0.11)2 = $10,175.31 and the price per share of common stock = $10,175.31 / 1,000 = $10.18. 4. Same facts as (3) above, except the growth rates are 5% for years 2 and 3 and then 3% perpetually for all future years. a. Compute D1, D2, D3 and the growth in D for all future years. †¢ Keeping in mind that income is $1,100 in year 1, increases by 5% in years 2Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Intel and Ebay1159 Words   |  5 PagesJames Stewart’s assessment of eBay reflects any biases (3 marks). 3. In what ways are the events described at Intel and eBay similar and in what ways are they different (4 marks)? Question # 1 Brandt Cornell’s paper â€Å"Is the response of analyst to information consistent with fundamental valuation?† reveals that analyst recommendations are pro cyclical. 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Bowles-Simpson Essay Free Essays

Bowles-Simpson Proposal Essay By the year 2012, the American economy has crossed through large paths of downfall and unsustainability. Many aspects of such inconsistency surround this issue; foreign debt, public spending, and real state price drops are some facts that indicate an unstable economy. Furthermore, current president of the United States Barack Obama has approved a plan that will help stabilize the economy in the long run; this plan has targeted to reduce the federal deficit by cutting spending and raising taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Bowles-Simpson Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this plan was introduced in 2010 by co chairs Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles of President Barack Obama’s deficit commission as stated above, to raise the economy in the long run. As of now, revenue isn’t much of a problem, but spending is. Since debt is rising due to spending (taking only this example), the private sector is put in risk of being put out of the market. This would affect small businesses, which are a strength in the American economy since they will not be able to grow and create more jobs, which simultaneously helps the economy. Indeed, the goal of this plan is to reduce deficit to 2. 2% of the gross domestic product by 2015, reduce deficit growth between now and 2020 by 3. 8 trillion dollars, and reduce debt as percentage of GDP to 40% by 2037. All this is being linked with the reduction of spending and tax rises. Accordingly, this plan induces a huge tax reform due to the fact that the current tax rates would be modified. In addition, the alternative minimum tax would be eliminated, as well as the child tax credit and the mortgage interest deduction. It is calculated that if this is taken in mind, there would be a deduction of $ 1. 1 of tax expenditures and in should increase tax revenues. Consequently, it seems that eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would mark a difference positively since it is one of the key elements funding an overemphasis on homeownership in the United States. On the other hand, eliminating the health insurance deduction would cause a healthcare reform. That deduction is actually a pillar of the current employer-based health insurance system. Thus, removing this deduction will orce families move on into the individual health insurance market, if no other adjustments are done. Meanwhile, the proposal expects to raise the cap on taxable wages through 2050 to cover 90 % of all national wages. This would simultaneously increase the program’s revenues and would also increase the total payments going out. Moreover, one thing that the Bowles-Simpson plan aims for revenues to be capped at 21 % of GD P and spending to be brought down to the same level. Such target is actually a redundant number. In order to achieve these cuts, some tactics have been put in the table. One item that increases the revenues in the plan is its provision to include newly hired state and local workers after 2020. This would in the near term tap more tax revenue for the system and in the long run would obligate additional benefit payments. Also, this provision does not contribute to long-term Social Security sustainability. If it were dropped, then the plan would tilt in the direction of cost containment over almost any time period measured. Medicare takes a big part in the proposal since the idea is to hold growth of federal health spending to growth of GDP by 1 %. Such cuts are proposed by paying less to doctors, as well as drug companies, and health care providers. Nevertheless, a reform on social security has put in place as well, and it is to add minimum benefits for minimum wage workers to ensure that they are above the poverty level. In other words, the plan aims to ensure that no one retires into poverty after a full working career. On the other hand, this does not reduce cost but it actually increases them. The plan to reduce costs is to make a balance under the benefits by offering fewer benefits for the more wealthy being. Such action will change the current social security; savings plans will no longer be at a long term for individuals, but a more or less direct welfare program. Hence, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is indeed a fairly tax increase and highly progressive, not to forget that the main goal of this proposal is to eliminate almost all tax expenditures. Putting the numbers on the table, in 2015, the lowest earners would face an average cut in their after-tax income of 3. 4 percent or about $ 400. For middle-income households, there would be a cut of 4 percent on their after-tax income. And on the top of the mountain, while will be cataloged as the highest earners, they would lose about 5. 3 % or about $ 70,000. It seems that the numbers do not lie; the low-income households and the top income households would be hit by a tax increase, while the upper middle class would have a small tax cut of 1 percent. In conclusion, this plan is a step forward with a few points, which I disagree. First, the measurements on tax rates seem fairly reasonable but it does not seem to mark a tax reform. The tax code is still under its same complexity. It looks like it would bring revenue, but there are still politics to be discussed. Additionally, it does not seem to specify that tax cuts be used to eliminate national debt. On the other hand, it proposes to cut on health care spending since health care costs are pretty high, which simultaneously brings more national debt. As well, I think the proposal have some kind of gaps, but there is also a debate between republicans and democrats, to see if there is a balance in between both sides since republicans do not really like the idea of tax increases, and democrats are unhappy about the spending caps. How to cite Bowles-Simpson Essay, Essay examples

Bowles-Simpson Essay Free Essays

Bowles-Simpson Proposal Essay By the year 2012, the American economy has crossed through large paths of downfall and unsustainability. Many aspects of such inconsistency surround this issue; foreign debt, public spending, and real state price drops are some facts that indicate an unstable economy. Furthermore, current president of the United States Barack Obama has approved a plan that will help stabilize the economy in the long run; this plan has targeted to reduce the federal deficit by cutting spending and raising taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Bowles-Simpson Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this plan was introduced in 2010 by co chairs Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles of President Barack Obama’s deficit commission as stated above, to raise the economy in the long run. As of now, revenue isn’t much of a problem, but spending is. Since debt is rising due to spending (taking only this example), the private sector is put in risk of being put out of the market. This would affect small businesses, which are a strength in the American economy since they will not be able to grow and create more jobs, which simultaneously helps the economy. Indeed, the goal of this plan is to reduce deficit to 2. 2% of the gross domestic product by 2015, reduce deficit growth between now and 2020 by 3. 8 trillion dollars, and reduce debt as percentage of GDP to 40% by 2037. All this is being linked with the reduction of spending and tax rises. Accordingly, this plan induces a huge tax reform due to the fact that the current tax rates would be modified. In addition, the alternative minimum tax would be eliminated, as well as the child tax credit and the mortgage interest deduction. It is calculated that if this is taken in mind, there would be a deduction of $ 1. 1 of tax expenditures and in should increase tax revenues. Consequently, it seems that eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would mark a difference positively since it is one of the key elements funding an overemphasis on homeownership in the United States. On the other hand, eliminating the health insurance deduction would cause a healthcare reform. That deduction is actually a pillar of the current employer-based health insurance system. Thus, removing this deduction will orce families move on into the individual health insurance market, if no other adjustments are done. Meanwhile, the proposal expects to raise the cap on taxable wages through 2050 to cover 90 % of all national wages. This would simultaneously increase the program’s revenues and would also increase the total payments going out. Moreover, one thing that the Bowles-Simpson plan aims for revenues to be capped at 21 % of GD P and spending to be brought down to the same level. Such target is actually a redundant number. In order to achieve these cuts, some tactics have been put in the table. One item that increases the revenues in the plan is its provision to include newly hired state and local workers after 2020. This would in the near term tap more tax revenue for the system and in the long run would obligate additional benefit payments. Also, this provision does not contribute to long-term Social Security sustainability. If it were dropped, then the plan would tilt in the direction of cost containment over almost any time period measured. Medicare takes a big part in the proposal since the idea is to hold growth of federal health spending to growth of GDP by 1 %. Such cuts are proposed by paying less to doctors, as well as drug companies, and health care providers. Nevertheless, a reform on social security has put in place as well, and it is to add minimum benefits for minimum wage workers to ensure that they are above the poverty level. In other words, the plan aims to ensure that no one retires into poverty after a full working career. On the other hand, this does not reduce cost but it actually increases them. The plan to reduce costs is to make a balance under the benefits by offering fewer benefits for the more wealthy being. Such action will change the current social security; savings plans will no longer be at a long term for individuals, but a more or less direct welfare program. Hence, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is indeed a fairly tax increase and highly progressive, not to forget that the main goal of this proposal is to eliminate almost all tax expenditures. Putting the numbers on the table, in 2015, the lowest earners would face an average cut in their after-tax income of 3. 4 percent or about $ 400. For middle-income households, there would be a cut of 4 percent on their after-tax income. And on the top of the mountain, while will be cataloged as the highest earners, they would lose about 5. 3 % or about $ 70,000. It seems that the numbers do not lie; the low-income households and the top income households would be hit by a tax increase, while the upper middle class would have a small tax cut of 1 percent. In conclusion, this plan is a step forward with a few points, which I disagree. First, the measurements on tax rates seem fairly reasonable but it does not seem to mark a tax reform. The tax code is still under its same complexity. It looks like it would bring revenue, but there are still politics to be discussed. Additionally, it does not seem to specify that tax cuts be used to eliminate national debt. On the other hand, it proposes to cut on health care spending since health care costs are pretty high, which simultaneously brings more national debt. As well, I think the proposal have some kind of gaps, but there is also a debate between republicans and democrats, to see if there is a balance in between both sides since republicans do not really like the idea of tax increases, and democrats are unhappy about the spending caps. How to cite Bowles-Simpson Essay, Essay examples