Photography Research Paper

Area I A. Compose the names of all the photography and photography-related professions that you know about. †Wedding photography, Under-water photography, Sports photography, General photograph vocations. B. At that point do a primer research and compose the names of in any event 5 more photography-related professions. Business photography Portrait and family photography Pet, Animal and natural life photography Police, Law authorization and criminal measurable imaging photography Aerial photography C. Next, pick three of these vocations and compose three inquiries you have about each. Picture and family photography-What makes an incredible family photo?What creation methods are most significant while considering family photo's. Is Family photography a decent paying activity? is it famous? Submerged Photography-What hardware is recomended for utilize submerged. What is your preferred article to take pictures of submerged. What difficulties are introduced when taking photographs s ubmerged. Aeronautical Photography-How would you take pictures from an elevated view? what strategies are utilized to get higher up? What makes for a decent subject from an aeronautical view? What amount of cash would a flying picture taker make ordinarily? Area II A. Marine Photographer: This activity involves taking pictures submerged. This activity incorporates taking pictures submerged utilizing either SCUBA or un-maned wanderers with camera's. - Education and preparing prerequisites would incorporate being SCUBA confirmed or guaranteed to do whatever sort of plunging expected to take the photos. - The pay for a marine photographic artist in California is somewhere in the range of 40, and 50,000$ - As a submerged picture taker you are taking pictures of marine life for either research and overview purposes or essentially to catch the excellence found in the sea. Ethereal Photographer: Taking photographs from top perspectives, for example, pictures from a plane looking down. Prep aring for this activity incorporates a Multi year degree, you should represent considerable authority in photography, Flight preparing is required just as hands on sky photography preparing. - Salary for this sort of picture taker ranges from 50,000 †200,000. - As an elevated photographic artist you may invest your energy specifically getting your work or taking pictures for a particular organization. These photographs might be utilized for Survey purposes or they might be per-demand by a solitary individual. This would be a troublesome activity to get into as it requires a lot of preparing and experience. Representation and family photography: These picture takers take pictures of individuals, families, spots, or occasions. photographic artists require a decent eye for an image and have fantastic specialized and photographic abilities. They should have great correspondence and relationship building abilities. Picture takers must be acceptable with PC projects, for example, pho toshop and be economically mindful and great at promoting themselves. - Salaries for family picture takers go somewhere in the range of 12,000 and 50,000 every year or more. - These picture takers may fall under a specific sort of photography concentrating on family photographery or they might be general photographic artists taking a wide aray of pictures including representation and family photography. B.Marine Photographer: reaction from Robert Bailey Hi there, much obliged for the caring words glad to help. To what extent have you been into photography? Since 1990, I've generally been keen on photography since the age of 10 and when I took up jumping there was no doubt that I would be taking a camera in the water to bring back the stunning scenes and show individuals my revelations. How could you get your beginning in photography? As an adolescent I generally had the thought I might want to draw and was finished poo! I got a camera one day and acknowledged I could communicate my masterful self through a camera.I've never thought back. I recollect the first occasion when somebody alluded to me as a craftsman as being huge. What are your key advantages inside the business? Despite the fact that I am not an expert my work has been distributed, and I have worked intermittantly on proficient ventures ashore and submerged. I partner with a many experts. I am constantly intrigued to perceive what sells in the market. You'd be shocked by what offers, restricted to what individuals like to hold tight their dividers. Valuing yourself in the market is significant. Numerous masters gripe individuals part with their pictures and cheapen the market.I am constantly intrigued by what organizations are eager to pay for. I frequently talk with experts before I offer pictures to magazines. Where do you do a large portion of your work? Most of my work is done in UK waters. I live and work in the UK so it bodes well to exploit all the territory brings to the table. I accomplish work abroad occasionally, yet I incline toward cooler atmospheres. One objective I have is to plunge under ocean ice in the Arctic, or Antarctic. What do you appreciate most about this sort of photography? Being submerged resembles no other condition, there's no interruption with cell phones, and individuals talking.I like the test of having the option to make a plunge unforgiving situations and show individuals the excellence, particularly in the UK, the same number of feel it's frequently dull and bleak and there's no shading. What is the most significant thing to make sure to get a decent picture? The absolute most significant component in getting a decent submerged picture is to draw near to your subject, by and large a limit of three feet for most subjects, now and again inches away. It relies upon the size of the subject you are shooting. Clearly a 30 foot lolling shark is not quite the same as a one inch shrimp.The other thing is tied in with seeing light, regardless of whet her you are utilizing counterfeit light,, or common light, or adjusting the two. The following interesting point is the foundation and whether the subject is available or not. We make a decent attempt as submerged photographic artists to not harm the earth for an image. What is your preferred photo of your own and why? I don't have one specific top pick. This progressions all the time as the fixation to continue making new material. I like the nearby pictures of Lemon sharks I have done clearly. There are such a significant number of others, difficult to state really.Some the ones which has won national rivalries are not, at this point my top choices as I want to improve now. What kinds of hardware would you suggest for use submerged? My better half shoots with a Canon S95 and a basic lodging, and make incredible pictures. I utilize a Nikon D300, Inon Z240 Strobes, and an assortment of focal points. My most utilized focal points are the Nikkor 60 mm large scale for close up and litt le subjects. For wide point work I utilize a Tokina 10-17mm. I'd prefer to pressure great pictures are not about the gear, it's everything about the photographic artist. Individuals regularly take a gander at a decent picture and state you should have a decent camera.This isn't the situation. The camera is a the instrument, the photogapher is the expert. You don't need to go through a ton of cash to get great pictures. You need to contribute the time, comprehend the neighborhood conditions, and know your subject. What is your preferred article to take pictures of submerged? There are beyond any reasonable amount to list. I like sharks, shrimps, seals, ocean slugs, fish, jumpers, wrecks when the perceivability licenses. What difficulties are introduced when taking photograph's submerged? Above all else, we aren't intended to be submerged. We are land animals. So the primary test is you should be a gifted diver.All your hardware, bouyancy control in the water, air the executives shoul d be right on the money, else you will never make a decent picture. At that point there's the flows, tide, perceivability, the cold, and the climate. At that point there's the subject, the greater part of which are continually moving, and scarcely ever where you need them, when you need them. I can sincerely say making pictures submerged is most likely more testing than some other condition. I think this is the reason I am so over the top about doing it, it is difficult. I truly trust this encourages you. Am glad to talk about further after work obviously. In the event that you need a few pictures I will get you out. Try not to stop for a second to call me.Regards, RB How I Found Robert Bailey: I discovered Robert Bailey on â€Å"UnderwaterPhotography. com† C. Submerged photography as a vocation in photography appears the most fascinating decision. I am at present a jumper and discover I am generally agreeable while in the water. The best thing about catching a picture of a j umper in clear water is the way that it looks just as the jumper is flying. This is an unnatural situation for people and can be perilous and to have the option to catch the excellence in it is astounding. List of sources URL (www. robertbaileyphotography. com). Robert Bailey, 11-27-12 Bailey, Robert. Submerged picture taker. 11-27-12

Airport Security, their loop holes and solution proposal Research Paper

Air terminal Security, their provisos and arrangement proposition - Research Paper Example tly, flying security stays to be one of the present issues of worry as it is a need for explorers, group, nations, air terminals, load proprietors and the aircrafts. Besides, it can't be administered that a critical number of individuals pass through air terminals. This makes air terminals to be defenseless against fear based oppression, just as different types of crimes as individuals communicate (Wiener, 1988). As a rule, psychological militants have used plane seizing as a deadly instrument to propel fear mongering. In such manner, air terminal security targets keeping dangers or potential hazardous conditions from happening or occurring for a nation. On the off chance that air terminal security functions admirably, the probability of entrance of criminal operations, perilous circumstances, illicit medications or dangers into a nation, spot or airplane is essentially decreased (Bart, 2007). The security at air terminals is essential for different purposes: first, it shields the air terminals and air create from potential dangers. Along these lines, air terminal security serves to guarantee the wellbeing of the voyagers. Furthermore, in shielding the airplane from potential dangers, the air terminal security likewise minds the security of a nation. Obviously, the motivation behind airplane security can be summed up as to forestall hurt on airplanes, travelers and airplane team, just as, off er help to counter-fear mongering strategies and national security (Bart, 2007). The primary fear monger episode on explorers on board was the Cubana Flight 455 occurrence that happened in 1976. The Cubana flight had quite recently left Barbados and was set out toward Jamaica when it was brought somewhere near a psychological militant assault. In the occurrence, seventy three regular citizens lost their lives. The assault was connected to Cuban enemy of Castro banishes that had an association with the Central Intelligence Agency, just as individuals emit police from Venezuela (DISIP), which included Luis Posada Carriles. The deadliest carrier disaster that following bombed security at the air terminal to recognize a bomb on installed happened in 1985 and included

Sample Case Analysis of Google

Sample Case Analysis of Google Case Analysis of Google Aug 13, 2019 in Case Studies Overview of the Company Google is the most famous search engine in the world formerly known as Backrub, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who met at Stanford University in 1995 (Google, 2015a). It is best known as search engine (web search) Google, where people can get all information they want with a click of a button. In addition, the company offers products like Google Chrome, which is a browser known for its agility run on Android, a mobile operating system that is compatible with Google Play, a platform where people can download a wide range of applications. All these products and actions are aimed at making the company follow its primary purpose of making information accessible to users all over the word. Google organizes its operations to ensure it meets demands of the major broad business market and the web market (Google, 2015c). The major undertaking of Google entails advertisements, where it provides a platform where companies and business personalities can attract customers from all over the world. On the other hand, on the web front, Google is in the forefront coming up with products that are aimed at ensuring the web becomes better and more accessible with time. External Environment The external environment of a company is a combination of factors and changes outside the company at hand. They include political factors, economy dynamics, market competition and government regulations to name but a few. In the case of Google, the external environment is even more unpredictable and uncontrollable. It is because it operates in a great geographical area, being subjected to different cultures and governance. However, Google has not experienced major hardships while operating on this huge market. In terms of government policies and regulations, the company faced few limitations in 2006 imposed by the Chinese government on the search engine, where the government requested Google to censor some of its content in respect to the countrys free speech restrictions (Liedtke, 2006). However, the company and the Chinese government managed to iron out the issue, and the former made great strides in the market. Order now Live Chat Another aspect of Googles external environment is market competition. From this perspective, competition can be from new entrants and other existing competitors. In the first case, the Internet search industry has a very high barrier to entry because the existing players in this field, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo to name but a few, have accumulated large databases over the years. It means that to pose a threat in this industry, a new player will have to come up with a better database and a faster search engine. The probability of this happening is minimal, making the threat on the part of a new entrant to the industry unlikely. On the other hand, Google has outgrown its main rivals Yahoo and Microsoft. Moreover, in terms of economy dynamics, Google operates in different countries, the economies of which sometimes face recessions (Google, 2015a). However, due to the companys extensive marketing undertakings, Google can shed off the effects with ease. Current Strategies and Objectives Objectives The core objective of Google is to organize the entire worlds present and future information in a manner that can be easily understandable and accessible. This aspect is evident considering one of the companys objectives to have complete scans of all existing collections of 129 million books by 2020 (Google, 2015a). Another Googles objective is the continuation of the provision of the best user experience. Companys innovations and undertakings are always in line with this aspect. A continuous improvement in its search web engine is also an important issue for the company. The company believes that there is the need to do what one does well (Google, 2015d). Being a dominant search engine, its continuous upgrade and updates is an important task for the company. Strategies The main strategy utilized by Google is introducing innovations, whereby ensuring the relevance of its content is paramount. This strategy is achieved by Google hiring smart and self-driven people who make up a team known as Googlers. The company is also keen on being inclusive, employing people from different cultures and languages. It is further supported by the companys well-intentioned action of having seventy offices in over forty countries around the world (Google, 2015b). On top of this, the company utilizes the expansionary strategy, which has enabled Google to have offices around the world for the purpose of transforming the Google search engine into different locally acceptable search forms. As a result, it can be accessed in different languages around the world. It is the main reason for Google being the biggest search engine in the industry. Financial Analysis Table 1. Liquidity Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Current ratio 480% 458% 422% 592% Quick ratio 480% 458% 418% 592% Cash ratio 383% 368% 335% 501% Trend The current ratio trend shows that Google has been in a position to pay its liabilities throughout 2011-2014 fiscal years. In addition, its quick ratio adds to the fact that the company has been improving its ability to pay its short-term debts. Its cash ratio decreased from 2011 to 2012, but since that time, it has been on the rise (NASDAQ, 2015). It is a good indication that Google has continued expanding its cash base or equivalent that can meet its liabilities. Table 2. Profitability Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Gross margin 61% 60% 63% 65% Operating margin 25% 28% 30% 31% Pre-tax margin 26% 25% 31% 33% Profit margin 22% 23% 23% 26% Pre-tax ROE 17% 18% 20% 21% After-tax ROE 14% 15% 15% 17% In terms of gross margin, Google has been enjoying good percentage revenue retention averaging 60% (NASDAQ, 2015). It means the firm is profitable as this is usually the percentage of revenue retained by a company after production cost deductions. As a result of a high gross margin, Google has also been enjoying fair operational margins. It reflects companys efficiency in terms of its operation and pricing strategy. With 28.75% pre-tax margin, Google represents a company that has remained profitable form 2011 (NASDAQ, 2015). Google Sticking to the Current Objectives and Strategies If Google has been sticking to its current objectives and strategies for the next five years then continued growth and profitability will be a sustainable phenomenon. Making information understandable entails translating it into different languages, and this will make Google more appealing to a huge number of users. The result is huge earnings from associative adverts from different corners of the world. In line with this, if the company ensures users best experience, more users will visit the web search engine. As a result, Google will avail more potential customers to business personalities and will have a basis to post more adverts. It means increased revenue for the company and improved and sustained financial performance. When it comes to strategies, the main one for Google is innovations. It will make Google not only relevant but also interesting. Besides, utilizing different perspectives and insights from the Googlers will mean that the final output in the market is comprehensive and inclusive. It is therefore reasonable enough to argue that the utilization of the current strategies and objectives will enable Google to become more profitable. Strategies Recommendation If I were a CEO, I would recommend focusing on the most viable strategies like innovation and expansionary undertakings. In any business venture, introducing an innovation is a crucial tool in ensuring that the ventures output meets the market trends and demands. In the same line of thought, Google will have to make huge investments in the innovation docket to ensure the company keeps in touch with the dynamics of the industry. It will make the company customer-oriented and at the same time relevant and comprehensive. Implementing expansionary undertakings will ensure Google remains the dominant force in the industry. Besides, through this perspective, it will be possible to earn more from advertisement. Utilizing the two strategies will place Google on a platform where there will be continuous growth and profitability. Competitive Strategies Used by the Companys Main Competitors Google main competitors are Yahoo and Microsoft. Yahoo has recently unveiled new technology under the BrightRoll brand. It is in the form of BrightRoll DSP and BrightRoll Exchange aimed at transforming the ways in which business people can interact with their customers (Fuloria, 2015). The technological upgrade is aimed at making Yahoo a better marketing platform. The company is also keen on partnership deals with companies that have a huge following. It is a good marketing strategy. A good example is a partnership with NFL, where Yahoo users around the world can access a game via live streaming on the Yahoo platform (Edelman, 2015). On the other hand, Microsoft is keen on upholding and improving customer experience. To meet this, Microsoft has invested a lot in market research. It has seen the company employ around 90,000 workers across 190 countries around the world, mandated to come up with products that reflect the needs of people with a different background (Microsoft, 2015). The company has also made a deal with NFL, and it forms part of a well-calculated marketing strategy. Googles Most Effective Strategies and Countermeasures Both Yahoo and Microsoft are keen on implementing new marketing strategies. Moreover, Yahoo has seconded its marketing strategies with the incorporation of new technology. With Microsofts heavy investment in research, the company will attain a bigger marker share with time. The incorporation of new technology, research and marketing forms effective Googles competitors strategies. It is because utilizing the ones, the companies will be able to attract more customers, some of which may be from Google. In response, the latter should ensure it is more active on the marketing front. With its advantage in terms of market reach, utilizing a new marketing strategy will help the company enjoy the benefits of having loyal customers. Customer loyalty is an essential component when it comes to safeguarding business perpetuity. Market analysis can also be a helpful tool, through which it can be well-informed on the actions and inactions of its competitors. Through the analysis, it will be possibl e for Google to invest in a smart manner and exploit the gap left in the market. It will help caution the company about competitors expansionary undertakings. Looking for custom case study? Then Writessay.org would be the best choice for you as it provides quality custom case study help for students.

Pepsi Strategic and Competitive Analysis - 3201 Words

Pepsi (PEP) Symbol: PEP Exchange: NYSE Industry: Processed Packaged Goods Sector: Consumer Goods Purchase Price: $43.12 Purchase Date: December 2002 52week High $78.09 52week Low $61.89 Initial Floor 2 $74.26 Trailing Floor 3 $77.87 Beta N/A Market Cap $123.11 billion Shares Outstanding 1.61 billion Dividend Yield 1.50% P/E Ratio 20.49 Competitor #1 Coca-Cola (KO) Competitor #2 Cadbury Schweppes (CSG) Type of Security: Large Cap Growth Predicted Shareholder Return 1 year: 14.1% Past 5 years: 34.53% Past 10 years: 128% Predicted Annual Return: 14.9% Strategic and Competitive Analysis The first point of analysis which should be examined when using Porter’s five forces is the competition within the industry. Pepsi has varying†¦show more content†¦The company developed the S.M.A.R.T lifestyle program, involving five steps to a healthier living, and plans to build 12 Smart Spot playgrounds in inner city locations across the country. Pepsi’s broad strategy of meeting customer’s changing wants and desires will be successful. However, each specific new product or product development depends on Pepsi’s ability to identify, gauge, and properly assess changing environments. Pepsi appears to be going in the right direction by shifting their focus from carbonated to noncarbonated beverages as well as by focusing on healthier alternatives. Pepsi’s second main strategy is to grow and expand internationally. There is more room for growth internationally due to emerging foreign markets, including Asia and India. Pepsi has proven a success in the international arena and should continue to develop. International sales have greatly increased the value of Pepsi, as a decline in US currency brings higher exchange rates for international business. Pepsi’s focus on their international businesses has paid them well during a market correction, which has stemmed from massive deferrals on adjustable-rate mortgages. Pepsi’s main competitor in the drink business is Coca Cola and in the snack market the major competitors are Proctor and Gamble and General Mills. The nonalcoholic beverage industry is maturing but is deep in stiff competition. It has a history of price wars. Pricing,Show MoreRelatedEnviromental Scanning1269 Words   |  6 PagesFritch Environmental scanning Coco-Cola and Pepsi are two major competitors in the beverage industry but each company is working on being different even though each company has similar products. Both companies are very popular and each company needs to develop and maintain a competitive edge that will help one or the other stay above the other. To gain a competitive edge, measurement guidelines need to be implemented to make sure that strategic planning is effective and to confirm that the planRead MoreCoca Cola And The Carbonated Soft Drink1674 Words   |  7 Pagesyears. The new industry environment created intense competition among CSD businesses which required the need for new strategies to be formulated and implemented to be a top competitor in the environment. Strategic Issue How can Coke gain competitive advantage over Pepsi? In order to gain competitive advantage, some underlying issues need to be addressed, such as, what should be done to support sales as the consumption of CSDs is declining due to the increasing trend in the availability of substituteRead MoreCase Study Coke vs Pepsi Essays1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdy Managerial Economics Coke vs. Pepsi: An Economic Analysis Rebecca Simmons Managerial Economics Dr Sol Drescher December 4, 2012 Executive Summary In this case study we will do an economic analysis of two major competitors; Coke ® and Pepsi ®. We will look at the history of these to competitive giants and discuss how they have evolved over the years to become rivals in the 21st Century. 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Essay about Solutions to Valuation Questions - 1712 Words

Solutions to Valuation Questions 1. Assume you expect a company’s net income to remain stable at $1,100 for all future years, and you expect all earnings to be distributed to stockholders at the end of each year, so that common equity also remains stable for all future years (assumes clean surplus). Also, assume the company’s ÃŽ ² = 1.5, the market risk premium is 4% and the 20-30 year yield on risk free treasury bonds is 5%. Finally, assume the company has 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding. a. Use the CAPM to estimate the company’s equity cost of capital. †¢ re = RF + ÃŽ ² * (RM – RF) = 0.05 + 1.5 * 0.04 = 11% b. Compute the expected net distributions to stockholders for each future year. †¢ D = NI – ΔCE = $1,100 – 0 = $1,100 c. Use the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Pe = D1/(re – g) = 700 / (0.11 – 0.05) = $11,667 †¢ price per share = $11,667 / 1,000 = $11.67 3. Same facts as (2) above, except the 5% income growth rate (and beginning of year common equity to support it) are only expected for years 2 and 3. Then growth is expected to be zero and all income is expected to be distributed to shareholders for all future years. a. Compute D1, D2, D3, and Dt for all future years. †¢ Keeping in mind that income is $1,100 in year 1, increases by 5% in years 2 and 3, and then remains constant for all future years; and keeping in mind that beginning of year 1 common equity is $8,000, increases by 5% at the beginning of year 2 and at the beginning of year 3, but does not increase at the beginning of year 4 and remains constant from that point forward, you should be able to compute: D1 = $700, D2 = $735, and Dt = 1,212.75 for D3 and all future years. b. Use the dividend discount (i.e., free cash flow to equity investors) valuation model to estimate the company’s current stock price. Pe = 700/(1+ 0.11) + 735/(1+ 0.11)2 + [1,212.75/0.11]/(1+ 0.11)2 = $10,175.31 and the price per share of common stock = $10,175.31 / 1,000 = $10.18. 4. Same facts as (3) above, except the growth rates are 5% for years 2 and 3 and then 3% perpetually for all future years. a. Compute D1, D2, D3 and the growth in D for all future years. †¢ Keeping in mind that income is $1,100 in year 1, increases by 5% in years 2Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Intel and Ebay1159 Words   |  5 PagesJames Stewart’s assessment of eBay reflects any biases (3 marks). 3. In what ways are the events described at Intel and eBay similar and in what ways are they different (4 marks)? Question # 1 Brandt Cornell’s paper â€Å"Is the response of analyst to information consistent with fundamental valuation?† reveals that analyst recommendations are pro cyclical. 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Assume you expect a company’s net income to remain stable at $1,100 for all future years, and you expect all earnings to be distributed to stockholders at the end of each year, so that common equity also remains stable for all future years (assumes clean surplus). Also, assume the company’s ÃŽ ² = 1.5, the market risk premium is 4% and the 20-30 year yield on risk free treasury bonds is 5%. Finally, assume the company h as 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding.

Bowles-Simpson Essay Free Essays

Bowles-Simpson Proposal Essay By the year 2012, the American economy has crossed through large paths of downfall and unsustainability. Many aspects of such inconsistency surround this issue; foreign debt, public spending, and real state price drops are some facts that indicate an unstable economy. Furthermore, current president of the United States Barack Obama has approved a plan that will help stabilize the economy in the long run; this plan has targeted to reduce the federal deficit by cutting spending and raising taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Bowles-Simpson Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this plan was introduced in 2010 by co chairs Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles of President Barack Obama’s deficit commission as stated above, to raise the economy in the long run. As of now, revenue isn’t much of a problem, but spending is. Since debt is rising due to spending (taking only this example), the private sector is put in risk of being put out of the market. This would affect small businesses, which are a strength in the American economy since they will not be able to grow and create more jobs, which simultaneously helps the economy. Indeed, the goal of this plan is to reduce deficit to 2. 2% of the gross domestic product by 2015, reduce deficit growth between now and 2020 by 3. 8 trillion dollars, and reduce debt as percentage of GDP to 40% by 2037. All this is being linked with the reduction of spending and tax rises. Accordingly, this plan induces a huge tax reform due to the fact that the current tax rates would be modified. In addition, the alternative minimum tax would be eliminated, as well as the child tax credit and the mortgage interest deduction. It is calculated that if this is taken in mind, there would be a deduction of $ 1. 1 of tax expenditures and in should increase tax revenues. Consequently, it seems that eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would mark a difference positively since it is one of the key elements funding an overemphasis on homeownership in the United States. On the other hand, eliminating the health insurance deduction would cause a healthcare reform. That deduction is actually a pillar of the current employer-based health insurance system. Thus, removing this deduction will orce families move on into the individual health insurance market, if no other adjustments are done. Meanwhile, the proposal expects to raise the cap on taxable wages through 2050 to cover 90 % of all national wages. This would simultaneously increase the program’s revenues and would also increase the total payments going out. Moreover, one thing that the Bowles-Simpson plan aims for revenues to be capped at 21 % of GD P and spending to be brought down to the same level. Such target is actually a redundant number. In order to achieve these cuts, some tactics have been put in the table. One item that increases the revenues in the plan is its provision to include newly hired state and local workers after 2020. This would in the near term tap more tax revenue for the system and in the long run would obligate additional benefit payments. Also, this provision does not contribute to long-term Social Security sustainability. If it were dropped, then the plan would tilt in the direction of cost containment over almost any time period measured. Medicare takes a big part in the proposal since the idea is to hold growth of federal health spending to growth of GDP by 1 %. Such cuts are proposed by paying less to doctors, as well as drug companies, and health care providers. Nevertheless, a reform on social security has put in place as well, and it is to add minimum benefits for minimum wage workers to ensure that they are above the poverty level. In other words, the plan aims to ensure that no one retires into poverty after a full working career. On the other hand, this does not reduce cost but it actually increases them. The plan to reduce costs is to make a balance under the benefits by offering fewer benefits for the more wealthy being. Such action will change the current social security; savings plans will no longer be at a long term for individuals, but a more or less direct welfare program. Hence, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is indeed a fairly tax increase and highly progressive, not to forget that the main goal of this proposal is to eliminate almost all tax expenditures. Putting the numbers on the table, in 2015, the lowest earners would face an average cut in their after-tax income of 3. 4 percent or about $ 400. For middle-income households, there would be a cut of 4 percent on their after-tax income. And on the top of the mountain, while will be cataloged as the highest earners, they would lose about 5. 3 % or about $ 70,000. It seems that the numbers do not lie; the low-income households and the top income households would be hit by a tax increase, while the upper middle class would have a small tax cut of 1 percent. In conclusion, this plan is a step forward with a few points, which I disagree. First, the measurements on tax rates seem fairly reasonable but it does not seem to mark a tax reform. The tax code is still under its same complexity. It looks like it would bring revenue, but there are still politics to be discussed. Additionally, it does not seem to specify that tax cuts be used to eliminate national debt. On the other hand, it proposes to cut on health care spending since health care costs are pretty high, which simultaneously brings more national debt. As well, I think the proposal have some kind of gaps, but there is also a debate between republicans and democrats, to see if there is a balance in between both sides since republicans do not really like the idea of tax increases, and democrats are unhappy about the spending caps. How to cite Bowles-Simpson Essay, Essay examples

Bowles-Simpson Essay Free Essays

Bowles-Simpson Proposal Essay By the year 2012, the American economy has crossed through large paths of downfall and unsustainability. Many aspects of such inconsistency surround this issue; foreign debt, public spending, and real state price drops are some facts that indicate an unstable economy. Furthermore, current president of the United States Barack Obama has approved a plan that will help stabilize the economy in the long run; this plan has targeted to reduce the federal deficit by cutting spending and raising taxes. We will write a custom essay sample on Bowles-Simpson Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this plan was introduced in 2010 by co chairs Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles of President Barack Obama’s deficit commission as stated above, to raise the economy in the long run. As of now, revenue isn’t much of a problem, but spending is. Since debt is rising due to spending (taking only this example), the private sector is put in risk of being put out of the market. This would affect small businesses, which are a strength in the American economy since they will not be able to grow and create more jobs, which simultaneously helps the economy. Indeed, the goal of this plan is to reduce deficit to 2. 2% of the gross domestic product by 2015, reduce deficit growth between now and 2020 by 3. 8 trillion dollars, and reduce debt as percentage of GDP to 40% by 2037. All this is being linked with the reduction of spending and tax rises. Accordingly, this plan induces a huge tax reform due to the fact that the current tax rates would be modified. In addition, the alternative minimum tax would be eliminated, as well as the child tax credit and the mortgage interest deduction. It is calculated that if this is taken in mind, there would be a deduction of $ 1. 1 of tax expenditures and in should increase tax revenues. Consequently, it seems that eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would mark a difference positively since it is one of the key elements funding an overemphasis on homeownership in the United States. On the other hand, eliminating the health insurance deduction would cause a healthcare reform. That deduction is actually a pillar of the current employer-based health insurance system. Thus, removing this deduction will orce families move on into the individual health insurance market, if no other adjustments are done. Meanwhile, the proposal expects to raise the cap on taxable wages through 2050 to cover 90 % of all national wages. This would simultaneously increase the program’s revenues and would also increase the total payments going out. Moreover, one thing that the Bowles-Simpson plan aims for revenues to be capped at 21 % of GD P and spending to be brought down to the same level. Such target is actually a redundant number. In order to achieve these cuts, some tactics have been put in the table. One item that increases the revenues in the plan is its provision to include newly hired state and local workers after 2020. This would in the near term tap more tax revenue for the system and in the long run would obligate additional benefit payments. Also, this provision does not contribute to long-term Social Security sustainability. If it were dropped, then the plan would tilt in the direction of cost containment over almost any time period measured. Medicare takes a big part in the proposal since the idea is to hold growth of federal health spending to growth of GDP by 1 %. Such cuts are proposed by paying less to doctors, as well as drug companies, and health care providers. Nevertheless, a reform on social security has put in place as well, and it is to add minimum benefits for minimum wage workers to ensure that they are above the poverty level. In other words, the plan aims to ensure that no one retires into poverty after a full working career. On the other hand, this does not reduce cost but it actually increases them. The plan to reduce costs is to make a balance under the benefits by offering fewer benefits for the more wealthy being. Such action will change the current social security; savings plans will no longer be at a long term for individuals, but a more or less direct welfare program. Hence, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is indeed a fairly tax increase and highly progressive, not to forget that the main goal of this proposal is to eliminate almost all tax expenditures. Putting the numbers on the table, in 2015, the lowest earners would face an average cut in their after-tax income of 3. 4 percent or about $ 400. For middle-income households, there would be a cut of 4 percent on their after-tax income. And on the top of the mountain, while will be cataloged as the highest earners, they would lose about 5. 3 % or about $ 70,000. It seems that the numbers do not lie; the low-income households and the top income households would be hit by a tax increase, while the upper middle class would have a small tax cut of 1 percent. In conclusion, this plan is a step forward with a few points, which I disagree. First, the measurements on tax rates seem fairly reasonable but it does not seem to mark a tax reform. The tax code is still under its same complexity. It looks like it would bring revenue, but there are still politics to be discussed. Additionally, it does not seem to specify that tax cuts be used to eliminate national debt. On the other hand, it proposes to cut on health care spending since health care costs are pretty high, which simultaneously brings more national debt. As well, I think the proposal have some kind of gaps, but there is also a debate between republicans and democrats, to see if there is a balance in between both sides since republicans do not really like the idea of tax increases, and democrats are unhappy about the spending caps. How to cite Bowles-Simpson Essay, Essay examples

Sophisticated Military Aircraft Used In Wars Essays - Aircraft

Sophisticated Military Aircraft Used In Wars Military aircraft has become more sophisticated in variety, effectiveness in war situations, and special maneuvering techniques in recent years. With the advance of stealth technology, many new and very effective aircraft have been developed. The F-117A was used during Operation Dessert Storm and every plane came back without a scratch. The very expensive B-2 stealth bomber has never been used in actual war, but during testing it was a success. The Advanced Tactical Fighter program was started to make an aircraft that could supercruise, the ability to cruise at supersonic speeds, and didn't cost very much. The YF-22 and YF-23 were the first planes to accomplish this. With all the planes we know of, there are also top secret programs probably going on right now. A new fighter that has never been heard of before has been spotted. As John Welch, the assistant secretary of Air Force said, Stealth gives us back that fundamental element of war called surprise (Goodall 9). After it was found that aircraft could be very useful in war, it was used for large scale reconnaissance. Then people started to add bombs to aircraft and then airplanes started to become an essence of war. After World War 2, new bombers were developed with fast speed, and could travel far distances. They could also carry nuclear bombs and missiles. The use of the bomber aircraft then led to the fighter, which was equipped with guns and missiles. Helicopters were also found to be good strike aircraft. They were armed with cannons, machine guns, rockets, torpedoes, and a variety of missiles. Vertical takeoff made the helicopter an advantage. The first flight of the F-117A was in June of 1981 in Groom Lake test facility. The total cost for the development of the F-117A was just under two billion dollars, but it only cost $43 million to make each plane. It became operational in October of 1983 and was the first operational stealth aircraft ever built. The F-117A is a night attack plane powered by two, nonafterburning General Electric engines. F-117As were designed for first-strike capabilities and to be able to fly into any countries airspace undetected. The primary task of the F-117A is to break through enemy airspace, destroy high value targets, and return back unharmed. They were considered to first be used in several different tasks, but weren't used until Operation Dessert Storm where they did an excellent job. As Donald Rice, Secretary of the Air Force, said, Everyone now agrees the F-117 was a real bargain (9). During Operation Dessert Storm the F-117As were found out to be very successful. The war began on January 16, 1991 when the F-117A fighters entered the Iraqi airspace on their way to downtown Baghdad. There were 43 of them over the skies of Iraq and not one was lost even though they went against one of the most modern air-defense systems in the world. Operation Dessert Storm was the largest aerial bombing attack in war history. It was also the first time a stealth aircraft was used as a main weapon. On the first day of Dessert Storm the Lockheed F-117As dropped sixty-two 2,000 pound bombs on Baghdad destroying the most critical targets of the Iraqi military, including the headquarters of the Iraqi air force. We've seen that not only does stealth work, but that it puts fewer assets at risk and saves lives (9), as Donald Rice said. The pilots of those F-117As flew through the hardest anti-aircraft missiles any pilot has ever flown through. When you think of stealth, most people probably think of B-2 stealth bomber, but most people don't realize that it hasn't even been used in a real war situation yet. In November of 1987 the Pentagon ordered the first four B-2s to be built for $2 billion. Each B-2 cost $437.4 million to build. After the military liked the bomber, they originally ordered 133 of them, then they cut back to 75 because of the deficit-reduction bill. Then, in 1992, the House of Representatives voted to buy only twenty, and later only 15 saying that 10 would be enough. With four General Electric engines with 19,000 pounds of thrust each, the B-2s were made to carry a lot

Flatland essays

Flatland essays Edwin A. Abbott starts his book Flatland with a very dry description of the figures in Flatland. This sets the reader up for the rest of the book, and quite simply, the rules of this foreign planet. The book is set in a world of only two dimensions, a flat land in you will. All shapes are seen as straight lines, this hardship is explained further in the later parts of the novel. Houses are next to be explained simply a pentagon with two doors. One door for men, and one for women. The flatland caste system is based on regularity and number of sides. The lowest of the inhabitants of flatland are the women. Mere straight lines, of up to a foot in length. Soldiers and the working class follow next as acute isosceles triangles. The Middle class being equilateral triangles. Professional men and Gentlemen are squares or pentagons, and so forth. Here also, the genetic rules of flatland come into play, and define how a family can progress to the top of the social structure. In so few words, after progressing to the working class, each successive child will have one more side than the father. These rules, however basic will control the rest of the novel; a civilization of geometry. An interesting aspect of the way this story is written, is how it uses geometry to symbolize things much bigger, and more historic. With out a doubt, the most important uses of symbolism can been seen in the beginning of the novel, with the definition and structure of the mathematical social society. Soldiers and the lowest working class are very distinct. This is continuous with third world countries, and most places around the globe that are less advanced than ourselves. The pointy shapes of the soldiers also associated them with the shape of a woman. All three of these social levels are not very respected, and while distinct, they can blend into the crowd, and be forgotten. A thought provoking issue raised in the book was the ...

Tracking an Odd Construction in the Media

Tracking an Odd Construction in the Media Tracking an Odd Construction in the Media Tracking an Odd Construction in the Media By Maeve Maddox The following usage struck me as odd when I read it in the roundup column that appears on the front page of my daily paper: Rumsfeld says that George W. Bush was wrong to try to create democracy onto Iraq. I assumed that â€Å"create democracy onto Iraq† was simply an unfortunate stylistic lapse on the part of a local harried reporter. It can’t be easy to fit an entire news item into one coherent sentence of fewer than 50 words, especially under a tight deadline. But then I did a Google search of â€Å"create democracy onto† and traced the phrase to the article in which it originated: Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, one of the staunchest defenders of the Iraq war, said in an interview with the  Times  of London that his boss, former President George W. Bush, was wrong to try to create  democracy onto Iraq.- David Knowles, Bloomberg One might attempt to create a democracy in Iraq or even for Iraq, but â€Å"to create a democracy onto Iraq† is not idiomatic English. To rule out the possibility that Rumsfeld was responsible for the odd wording, I tracked down his original comment in the Times: The idea that we could fashion a democracy in Iraq seemed to me unrealistic. Rumsfeld was not the culprit. The word that he did use, fashion (â€Å"to give shape to†) is an appropriate choice in the context of altering an existing system. Create is from Latin creare, â€Å"to procreate or to give birth.† One meaning of the verb create is â€Å"to bring into being, to cause to exist,† especially with the sense of â€Å"to produce something where nothing was before.† Some synonyms for create in the sense of produce or make: generate fabricate fashion build construct design devise originate frame develop shape form forge Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†The Writing ProcessOne Scissor?

Ethical Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example The company Q seems to have three issues, first being the company’s closure of a few stores in the high crime rate areas, secondly the company sells organic products at a very high margin and thirdly the company refuses to donate the day-old products which are ultimately thrown away. The company has recently ceased operations in the high-crime rate areas due to losing money in those stores. The company adopted the policy of leaving the area where problem aroused rather making an effort to improve the situation. If the company had chosen to continue its operations it would have increased the security to deal with the losing money which would have some what affected the areas security too and might have lowered the crime rate. On the other hand by closing the store the company caused problems to the customers who might have relied on the store for easy shopping. The closure must have also impacted the overall revenues of the company. The company should have continued operating i n those areas and spent a little more on the security issues which will not only benefit the customers and the people of the locality but will also be profitable for the company. The company has recently started selling the much demanded healthy products. The company seems to take the advantage of the demand of these products and has offered very limited amount of products at very high margins. The company seems to look at its own profits and is exploiting the customers by selling the products at a very high price. This attitude is unethical and the company should sell these healthy products at competitive prices so that everyone can afford the health conscious food. By lowering prices and offering more products the company can increase its revenue and have more satisfied customers.

Quantitative Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quantitative Analysis - Assignment Example The study aims at both determining the effects of poverty on children’s psychology and how the effects subsequently influence different behaviours as well as to determine effects of a chaotic environment on children’s cortisol. This study involves families of children less than four years old selected from two geographical regions that report high poverty rates and which are Eastern North Carolina and Central Pennsylvania. A sample of 1292 children and families who live in the geographical areas are selected by the researchers for this study (p. 2669). Participants are carefully selected from disadvantaged families and sample selection is carried out over a twelve months period so as to ensure selection of a highly representative sample that improves the quality of the research findings, 51% of the children are male and 43% of the sampled children are African American (Blair et. all, 2013 p. 2669). Income-to-need ration is used to measure the levels of poverty for the different families that are used in this study which is calculated during every visit and a ratio of 1 or less than 1 qualifies a family for this study while Chaos in the household are measured using the number of changes in the primary and secondary caregiver, the number of people in the household as well as the number of moves in the house. All these are weighted to give an aggregate of the level of disorganization and chaos in the household by measuring the child’s behaviour and temperaments using a predetermined scale with scales from 1-10 (p 2669) included in the question that the child’s parent fills during every visit by the researchers. The child’s intelligence is measured using a predetermined formula foe intelligence quotient, which is important in determining the child’s cognitive abilities. However, this questionnaire on the child’s intelligence is administered when the child is thirty six months old. All

Anxiety Among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy

Anxiety Among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy REVIEW OF LITERATURE The review of literature in a research report is a summary of current knowledge about a particular practice- problem. (Nancy Burns 2002). A literature review is an organized writers presentation of what has been published on a topic by the scholars. The task of reviewing literature involves the identification, selection, critical analysis and reporting of existing information on topic of interest. The literatures found relevant and useful for the present study have been organized under the following headings. Literature related to prevalence of anxiety among patients receiving radiation therapy. Literature related to interventions used to reduce anxiety of patient receiving radiation therapy. Literature related to prevalence of anxiety among patients receiving radiation therapy. Donna B. Jeffe (2010) conducted a study among women who received radiation therapy over a period of five years in United Kingdom. The results showed that 35% of women had significant levels of anxiety or depression prior to radiation therapy. 75% women with high levels of anxiety prior to treatment recorded further high scores over the time period of five years. Out of six women who received radiation therapy, one had high anxiety scores during every follow-up. Very few of the womens with initial normal anxiety scores developed significant level of anxiety or depression over time. The study concluded that patients with little education showed higher levels of anxiety and depression over time and emphasized the need for education before radiation therapy. Andersen BL,Tewfik HH (2006) conducted a study to find the psychological reactions towards radiation therapy. Totally 45 patients undergoing external radiation therapy were included in this study. Pre and post radiation assessments of the subjects were done in the areas of state and trait anxiety, somatic complaints, and treatment side effects. Results showed increase in complaints and side effects reported by all patients at the treatment conclusion. Results also showed that (a) patients with an initial high level of anxiety reported a significant reduction, but they remained the most anxious subgroup; (b) patients with a moderate level of treatment anxiety before radiation therapy reported no change; and (c) patients with low levels of anxiety reported significant increase. The study concludes that patients who were either low or high in state anxiety were also characterized by more anger or hostility than patients with moderate level of treatment anxiety. Hans Geinitz, FrankB (2003) conducted a study to evaluate fatigue 2.5ÂÂ  years after radiation treatment in patients with breast cancer and to assess its relation to pre- and immediate post-treatment fatigue values. Totally 41 patients were included in this study whose fatigue value was evaluated during the time of radiation therapy. Out of these 41 patients, 38 were alive and free of cancer 2.5ÂÂ  years after radiation therapies, received the Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire, a visual analog scale on fatigue intensity as well as on cancer-related distress scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Health Survey per mail. All 38 patients returned their questionnaires. The values were compared to pretreatment and immediate post-treatment levels. Cancer-related distress values correlated with the patient fatigue scores. Results showed that Patients with functional impairment had slightly higher fatigue values. Patients with pretreatment elevated fatigue, anxiety or depression levels were at high risk for chronic fatigue. Barrie R. Cassileth Ph.D (2009) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of experience on radiation therapy patients desire for information. Information giving and seeking were explored among 160 cancer patients who were receiving or about to receive radiation therapy. Eighty-two new patients and 78 experienced patients completed a questionnaire to find their knowledge of diagnosis and radiation therapy, expectations about treatment, self-assessment of the adequacy of their knowledge, and desire for additional information. Analysis showed that 92% of the patients reported detailed knowledge of diagnoses. Patients were optimistic about treatment: only one person thought that radiation might not be helpful; 50 percent of the patients had a thought that radiation therapy might cure their disease. Patients who had experience with radiation therapy shown with increased knowledge but they had diminished desire to seek information. Most experienced patients had accurate information, bu t many did not feel well informed. The desire among knowledgeable patients for more information might show the patients uncertainty about the radiation treatment. Lynn kilbride (2007) conducted a study to assess the frequency, severity of anxiety and depression among brain tumor patients between the period of surgery and radiation therapy. Totally 51 patients were included in this study whose anxiety and depression were assessed at three time points; post surgery, three weeks post surgery and prior to radiation therapy. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was used. Results indicated a heightened level of anxiety prior to radiation therapy. Five patients had significant depression at the time period between surgery and radiation therapy. Four of the five patients with scores consistent with depression had past histories of depression. The study concluded that a past medical history of depression is a significant predictor of depression before radiation therapy. Arthur peck, MD (2006) conducted a study to assess the emotional reactions of patients receiving radiation therapy. Totally 55 patients were included in this study. They were interviewed by a psychiatrist. The focus of initial interview was what they told when they were referred to have radiation therapy. Although 60% were informed by their doctors that they had cancer, all arrived at the treatment center without any preparation for the frequency, number, and the procedure of radiation treatment. Most of the patients believed that requiring radiation therapy was very bad news. They had the fear that radiation might cause further damage and possibly cancer. Few of them only expected it to be curative. Again the patients were interviewed after the completion of radiation treatment. The results showed that the incidence of depression and anxiety was even greater than their pretreatment interviews. More than one third of the patients judged the treatment to be ineffective; they were not realizing that their new distress resulted from the side effects of radiation treatment. In this study only one patient suffered damage due to radiation therapy and 60% were free of signs of cancer at follow up, 1 to 2 years later. This study concluded that patients before radiation therapy suffered from irrational fears of disability and death mainly due to their misconceptions about the radiation therapy. Thomas w.decker (2006) conducted a study to assess the impact of stress, anxiety and depression on quality of life of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Totally 82 outpatients who were undergoing radiation therapy were included in this study. The experimental group (34 patients) received some relaxation training and the control group (29 patients) received the standard education and counseling along with the radiation therapy. The results showed that there was significant (p Yu P. Chen, Ngan M. Tsang (2002) conducted a study to find the causes of interruption of Radiation therapy in patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Taiwan. A total of 3273 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were treated at the Radiation Oncology Department from 1979 to 1996 were included in this study. Among these patients, 276 did not complete the full course of radiation treatment. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to determine the factors contributing to treatment interruption. Results showed that the acute side effects and complications caused by radiation therapy were the major factors influencing patients decisions to discontinue the treatment. This study suggested that more attention should be paid to take care of acute side effects of radiation ÂÂ ­therapy and also reinforcing the patient with education is important. Santhosh K.Chaturvedi (1998) conducted a study to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients receiving radiation therapy in India. A total of 100 patients referred to radiation therapy were included. All patients were administered the hospital anxiety and depression scale before starting the radiation therapy, after the completion of radiation therapy, and at 3-4 months follow-up. Anxiety and depression were detected frequently in patients receiving radiation therapy both prior to treatment and later during follow up. Frequency of anxiety significantly increased after initiating radiation therapy, but later reduced during follow up assessment. Hoyle Leigh (1987) conducted a study to assess the psychological factors affecting survival in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Totally 101 patients receiving radiation therapy were evaluated for anxiety, depression, and perception of the seriousness of their condition. In 3 years, the survivors were compared to the non survivors. The survivors had significantly higher mean trait anxiety (p Literature related to interventions used to reduce anxiety of patient receiving radiation therapy. Georgia K.B Halkett (2010) conducted a study to assess the effective communication and provision in radiation therapy and role of the radiation therapists. Health professionals have a duty of care to radiotherapy patients in providing them with adequate information before treatment. The aim of the study was to (a) explore how radiation therapists communicate with breast cancer patients during a radiation therapy planning appointment (b) determine what information is provided during this appointment and (c) explore radiation therapists perspectives on their role in providing patient information and support. A total of 110 radiation therapists were participated in this survey. They simulated 2 radiotherapy planning appointments and held 2 forums. The study concluded that Radiation therapists play an important role in communicating with patients and providing information, especially if patients exhibit anxiety and distress. Christie R. Eheman (2010) conducted a study to assess the information-seeking styles among cancer patients before and after treatment by demographics and use of information sources. Totally 731 cancer patients attending outpatient clinics for cancer treatments were surveyed during the pre treatment and post treatment period. The study evaluated the relationships between information-seeking style (active, moderately active, and passive styles) and demographics, cancer type, and health status for the pretreatment and post treatment periods and overall. The generalized estimating equations approach was used to model the log odds of more active to more passive information-seeking preferences taking into consideration both the pretreatment and post treatment periods. The results showed that prior to treatment, 17% reported an active information-seeking style, 69% were moderately active, and 14% were passive. Raymond Chan (2009) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of orientation program on levels of anxiety and self efficacy among newly registered cancer patients who were waiting for chemotherapy or radiation therapy in a cancer centre in Australia. A randomized control study was used and interventions given like a face-to-face program which includes introduction to the hospital facilities, introduction to the multi-disciplinary team and an overview of treatment side effects and self care strategies. The aim of the study was to orientate patients to the cancer centre and to meet the health care team. Results showed improvement in self-efficacy of patients and demonstrated potential improvement in health outcomes. The study also reported that there were only limited studies on orientation program for cancer patients particularly with respect to the use of multidisciplinary team members. YvonneÂÂ  Zissiadisa (2009) conducted a study to assess the impact of more intensive written information in patients receiving radiation therapy. Totally 194 patients were included in this study. The experimental group (102) received more intensive information and control group (92) received the standard consultation. State trait anxiety scale was completed prior to their first consultation at the time of simulation and at the completion of radiotherapy. Information satisfaction questionnaire to assess the patients satisfaction was also completed at the time of simulation prior to radiation therapy. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to mean satisfaction scores with the overall information given. Results showed that more intensive information did not significantly change the patients satisfaction, anxiety scores. But the patients were generally very satisfied with the information they received but they were less satisfied w ith the information on lifestyle issues. Eva J.E. Christensen, B.Sc (2006) conducted a study to find the effectiveness of interventions to relieve pain and anxiety during radiation therapy. The main objective of this study was to assess the discomfort and anxiety during radiation therapy, which can increase patient motion leading to decreased treatment accuracy. Totally 2051 subjects were included in this study. They were given different interventions like placebo, hypnotherapy, aromatherapy, music therapy and guided imagery including pharmacological interventions. Results showed that guided imagery showed benefits in terms of pain. And the study concluded that relaxation therapies may decrease anxiety during radiation therapy, evidence supports the benefit of pharmacological interventions for pain and anxiety for specific radiological procedures and selection of common criteria for reporting pain and anxiety is valuable for further studies. Cartledge Hoff A, Haaga DA(2005) conducted a study to find the effectiveness of an education program on radiation oncology patients and family. Information was presented in oral and in written form. After the intervention, orientation program participants did not differ significantly from control group members in state anxiety, general distress, treatment adherence, or knowledge of radiation therapy. Orientation group patients reported greater satisfaction with clinic care, and the orientation group had significant utilization of the psychological counseling services within the clinic, as well as outside support. Jeff Dunnab,(2004) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of targeted treatment education for cancer patients to promote adjustment through assisting patients to participate in treatment decision making, comply with treatment regimens and cope more effectively with treatment side effects. Totally 92 patients included in this study, randomized into experimental and control groups. The experimental group patients were given video information about radiation therapy. Pre test post test and follow up design was used. Results showed that there were no significant difference between the control and experimental group. However, patients in the intervention group reported high levels of satisfaction with the video and all reported that they would recommend the video to other patients waiting for radiation therapy. In the experimental group 90% of patients reported that most of the information received through the video was new to them. C.D.Linde, A.D.Stuart (2002) conducted a study to find the effectiveness of cognitive relaxation-visualization intervention in reducing the anxiety of patients receiving radiation therapy. Totally 88 female patients were taken for this study. The aim of the study was to find the effectiveness of the intervention in two groups. One group (N = 72) waiting for being pre-diagnosis and the other group (N = 16) before beginning radiation therapy treatment. Personal anxiety inventory was used to assess the anxiety. The results indicated that the intervention was effective in reducing anxiety for both the groups. It also concluded that patients had perceived the presence of an empathic individual during the time of diagnosis and before radiation treatment as being of greatest value. Taking interventions to reduce the anxiety before diagnosis and cancer treatment was very important. Lundberg pranne C.PhD,RN (2001) conducted a study among Buddhist patients with cancer undergoing radiation therapy to assess their feelings, satisfaction and coping with nurse provided education and support before radiation therapy. In this study 90 males and 89 females participated. The results showed that the most common feelings about radiation therapy of both the genders were acceptance and womens felt more anxiety compared to men. The most common ways of coping with the radiation therapy for both genders were rest, relaxation and communicate with their family or friends. The result showed that the satisfaction of patients with nurse provided education and support was higher among the men. The study concluded that when oncology nurses provide education to radiation therapy patients, it is very important that they should be well known about their patients characteristics including their cultural values and religious beliefs. D Haese S, Vinh-Hung (2000) conducted a study to assess the timing of provision of information to reduce anxiety and to improve satisfaction of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. Two sources of informations were used (a) a booklet with a stepwise overall description of radiation treatment (b) teaching sheets with all the information about the radiation treatment site. Totally 68 patients were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to simultaneous information group and stepwise information group. Assessments were recorded before the simulation (p=0.02) and more satisfied (p=0.0001). Results showed that information given through a stepwise format leads to less anxiety towards the radiation treatment and patients were satisfied more before the simulation procedure. D haese S, Vinh-Hung (2000) conducted a study to assess the timing of provision of information to reduce anxiety and to improve satisfaction of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. Two sources of informations were used (a) a booklet with a stepwise overall description of radiation procedure (b) teaching sheets with all the information about the radiation treatment site. Totally 68 patients were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to simultaneous information group and stepwise information group. Assessments were recorded before the simulation, 2nd week and at the end of radiation treatment. Results showed that information given through a stepwise format leads to less anxiety (p=0.002) and satisfaction (0.00001) towards the radiation treatment before the simulation procedure. Conclusion The review of literature enlightened the investigator to develop an insight into the radiation therapy anxiety, orientation program and its effects in the review of literature. Many studies were conducted to reduce the level of pre radiation therapy anxiety, particularly the education before radiation therapy have shown more significant results throughout the entire course of treatment. These reviews helped the investigator to gain a deeper knowledge of the research problem and guided in designing the study.

An Overview of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc. specializes in retail donut market and was founded in 1937 in North Carolina. Today, there are over 400 stores which employ 3,900 employees in 45 states and 4 countries. The company produces about 7.5 million donuts each day. The company is one of the leading producers of donuts and is ranked 4th of the top 100 chains in the U.S. (standing as of 2004). The company owns and franchises Krispy Kreme doughnut shops and sells over 20 different kinds of doughnuts, including its Hot Original Glazed variety. Today, the company faces some significant challenges: Employees are suing the company over mismanagement of retirement funds Changes in eating habits have affected the company†s revenue In May of 2004, the Krispy Kreme stock fell almost 18 % because of changes in dieting habits, particularly the low-carbohydrate phenomenon. The sale of packaged donuts dropped dramatically. The company claimed this was impacting sales but analysts were skeptical because doughnuts are not thought of as â€Å"part of a diet†, any diet. And changes in America†s eating habits, especially the health craze that seems to be the current pattern is likely to impact the sales of sugary and snack foods. Krispy Kreme doughnuts fall into both categories. Changes in senior management always make investors wary. In 2005, Stephen F. Cooper was named CEO replacing Scott A. Livengood, who has retired as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company. He will become a consultant on an interim basis. Steven G. Panagos has been named President and Chief Operating Officer (press release, 2005). The company hopes this change will turn things around. In the company†s own words, â€Å"The Company also announced that the results for its fourth quarter ending January 30, 2005 have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by significant sales declines. For the eight weeks ended December 26, 2004, system wide and Company average weekly sales per factory store have decreased approximately 18% and 25%, respectively, compared to the corresponding weeks of the prior year. The quarter is also being adversely impacted by the substantial costs associated with the legal and regulatory matters previously disclosed. These factors may result in the Company experiencing a loss for the current quarter. KZC will work with the Company to review whether it should take certain operational actions, which could include the consolidation of store locations. Any such actions could result in substantial losses, although it is expected that any restructuring charges largely would be non- cash charges. The system wide average weekly sales per factory store, is a non-GAAP financial measure. System wide sales data include sales at all company and franchise stores. The Company believes system wide sales information is useful in assessing our market share and concept growth (press release, 2005). The company needs to change. One start may be to consider its offerings. Although the company was initially successful by making doughnuts, they may need to expand and also offer customers healthier choices, such as low-fat muffins and bagels. Although this will change the premise of their business it provides an opportunity for the company to gain new customers. Dunkin Donuts has successfully altered their offerings and so can Krispy Kreme. The company also needs to settle their regulatory and legal affairs so that the company†s reputation doesn†t continue to be negatively impacted. Once they have a clean slate, they should issue a press release assuring consumers that Krispy Kreme has dealt with its issues and is back on track. Addressing any quality control issues and consolidating where possible will also lend an air of credibility, especially to stockholders and potential investors. The company needs to put some significant checks and balances in place to prevent any additional financial scandals and prove that the goal of the company is to regain financial stability and profitability. The company also faces increasing competition and needs to set themselves apart. One way could be to develop a â€Å"healthier† doughnut-one that is lower in fat but retains the taste. Basically, the company needs an overhaul and having a new CEO is the best way to start. This is the perfect opportunity to implement change on every front. The biggest challenge facing the company is to make these changes as quickly and efficiently as possible to regain their competitive edge and name in the industry.

The Burning of Washington in 1814

Coffin of Nesmin Research Paper Examples

The ancient culture of Egypt has for years been defined by the distinguishing art of their pictures and writings which were referred to as hieroglyphs. It is said that this notion was developed and maintained by the wake of civilization which did develop and maintain their complex art of the written linguistic which was done through the pictures that have held an un diminishing fascination till today. According to one of the distinguished Egyptian Egyptologist formerly on the faculty of Brown University, small fragments of one of the known old remarkable book of the dead of the new kingdom dating between the years 1550-1070 B.C. that only contained one man and his wife.[i] According to his explanation, the small collected pieces reveal the great paintings done during those days with an excellent quality. From the religious aspect, the ancient Egypt used to develop their prayers, spells and even the hymns were included in the pyramid for preservation. Today, some of them have found th e ancient curves on the walls that belong to the chambers of the burial places of kings of Dynasties in around 25th and the 22nd centuries.[ii] The political nature of the Egyptian leaders made them to ensure that their legacy continued. They did this through ensuring that their immortality through the addition of the prayers and spells that were engraved to their tomb pyramids. These were basically religious literatures. This ancient Egyptian art is well defined by the coffin of Nesmin who was one of the Egyptian priests. This coffin shows the brilliant colors with the intricate details that are rich with symbolism[iii]. The coffin of Nesmin is also defined with its smooth surfaced wood and the gesso that is covered by the hieroglyphs, the designs and the depictions that revealed the image of the ancient religious gods and the goddesses. The materials used in the making of the Nesmin coffin are indeed of great and this was to signify the economic status of the fallen hero. The colors used were brilliant indicating the fine economic stability of the fallen hero. The coffin is said to have been made of the brilliant gold used for the face f the nesmin was used to denote not only the riches of he ancient Egypt but the but the financial wellness of the priest and its family. The worn headdress on Nesmin and even the framing on his face also indicated the power and the economy of the priest.[iv] In additi on to this, the nesmin coffin was designed with ring around his face which demonstrated the craftsmanship of those that made it. From the religious aspect in the ancient Egypt, the coffins complexity was used to signify the importance of the priest in the society of the ancient Egypt. More sophisticated burial rituals of this case were only given to powerful people politically in the society like the family of pharaoh. Nesmin in the ancient Egypt was priest of the min, signifying the god of fertility. In the ancient Egypt, the term khonsu was used to identify a moon god and the god of healing. The god of fertility was essential for the life of the Egyptians therefore highly valued among the Egyptian. The two gods in the ancient Egypt showed the high status of high status [i] Nicholson, Paul   et al. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. London: Oxford University, 2006, 122-176 [ii] Nicholson, 116-123 [iii] MacKay, John. History of western society. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006. [iv]   Mackay, 23-36 Bibliography: Adkins, Lorn. The Little Book of Egyptian Hieroglyphics. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2006. Print Bierbrier, Morris. The Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs. New York, NY: Charles Scribners Sons. 1984, print. Clarke, Somers. Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture. Dover Publications, 1990 Kemp, Barry.   Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. Routledge. 1991, print MacKay, John. History of western society. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006. Print. Nicholson, Paul   et al. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. London: Bantam Books, 2005. Print Redford, Donald. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: University Press, 1992), Print. Teeter, Emily. The Coffin of Nes-Min. Chicago: Toutlegde: 2008